6: Floors


CHAPTER 6
Floors


It is going to be hard to convince you that floors are easy when an entire chapter is dedicated to this lone aspect of Revit Architecture. Well, floors are easy. The reason I’m dedicating an entire chapter to the subject is because we need to address a lot of aspects about floors.



  • Placing a floor slab
  • Building a floor by layers
  • Splitting the floor materials
  • Pitching a floor to a floor drain
  • Creating shaft openings

Placing a Floor Slab


Adding a floor to a model is quite simple indeed, but in Revit Architecture, we are truly modeling this floor. That means that you can include the structure and the finish when you create your floor. When you cut a section through this floor, you get an almost perfect representation of your floor system and how it relates to adjacent geometry, such as walls.


Floors, of course, are more than large slabs of concrete. Therefore, you’ll also be introduced to creating materials, and you’ll learn how to pitch these materials to floor drains. Further, you will examine how to create sloped slabs as well.


The first area you will explore is how to place a slab into your model. It is as simple as it sounds, but you must follow certain steps, which I outline next. As you’ve learned up to this point, in Revit Architecture you do need to add items the way Revit wants you to add them, or you will probably generate errors or, worse, inaccuracies in your model.


Creating the Slab


To begin, open the file you have been following along with. If you did not complete Chapter 5, “Dimensioning and Annotating,” go to the book’s web page at www.sybex.com/go/revit2012ner. From there you can browse to Chapter 6 and find the file called NER-17.rvt.


The objective of the following procedure is to create a floor slab to be placed into the model:



  1. 1. In your Project Browser, go to the Level 1 floor plan.
  2. 2. In the Level 1 floor plan, zoom in to the west wing.
  3. 3. On the Home tab, select the Floor button, as shown in Figure 6.1.
    f0601.tif

    FIGURE 6.1 The Floor button on the Home tab


  4. 4. In the Properties dialog box, make sure Floors is the current selection, as shown in Figure 6.2.
    f0602.tif

    FIGURE 6.2 Changing the focus of the properties


  5. 5. At the top-right of the dialog, you will see an Edit Type button. Click it (see Figure 6.3).
    f0603.tif

    FIGURE 6.3 Clicking the Edit Type button to start creating a new floor slab type


    You are now accessing the Type Properties. This means that any change you make here will affect every slab of this type in the entire model.


  6. 6. Click the Rename button, as shown in Figure 6.4.
    f0604.eps

    FIGURE 6.4 Renaming the current floor type. You will never have a Generic 12˝ (300mm) floor in your model, so it is a good idea not to keep this floor type around.


  7. 7. Call it 6˝ Slab on Grade (150mm).
  8. 8. Click OK.
  9. 9. Change Function to Exterior, as shown in Figure 6.5.
  10. 10. In the Structure row, there is a long Edit button, as shown in Figure 6.5. Click it.

You are now in the Edit Assembly dialog box. This is where you can specify a thickness for your slab. You can add layers of materials here as well.


In the middle of the Edit Assembly dialog box is a large spreadsheet-type field that is divided into rows and columns. The rows are defined by a structural component, and include a boundary above and below the structure. It is the Structure row that you are interested in here:



  1. 1. You will see that the Structure row is divided into columns. Click in the Material column within the Structure row, as shown in Figure 6.6.
    f0605.tif

    FIGURE 6.5 Clicking the Edit button to access the structure of the floor

    f0606.eps

    FIGURE 6.6 By clicking in the Material cell within the Structure row, you can access the Materials dialog box.


  2. 2. You will see a small […] button appear when you click in the Material cell. This button indicates that you will be given a menu if selected. Click the […] button to open the Materials dialog box.
  3. 3. You can now choose a material from the menu. Scroll down until you arrive at Concrete – Cast-in-Place Concrete, and select it. Notice that to the right there are tabs. Open the Graphics tab; you can see that this material will display two different hatches. A sand hatch will be visible for floor plans, and a concrete hatch will be visible for sections (see Figure 6.7). These hatches allow a filling region to graphically designate specific materials.
    f0607.tif

    FIGURE 6.7 The Materials menu


  4. 4. Make sure Concrete – Cast-in-Place Concrete is selected, and click OK.
  5. 5. Back in the Edit Assembly dialog box, there is a Thickness column directly to the right of the Material column. Currently there is a value of 1´–0˝ (300mm). Click into the cell that reads 1´–0˝ (300mm), and change it to (150mm).
  6. 6. Click OK.
  7. 7. Click OK again to get back to the model.

Now that the slab has been created, you can place it into the model. You will notice that the Modify | Create Floor Boundary tab is in Sketch Mode. You will now proceed to sketch the slab in place.


Sketching the Slab


You will have to adjust to the way Revit wants you to proceed with the Create Floor Boundary tab; you are basically limited to the choices provided in this menu. Not to fear, you should have plenty of choices, but you will still need to get a “feel” for how Revit works.


Here’s what needs to happen: you must draw the perimeter of the slab into the model. Because this is basically a slab on grade, you will pour the concrete to the inside, finished face of the wall. You won’t worry about a control joint between the wall and the slab at this point.


Picking Walls


The best way to add a slab is to use the Pick Walls button as much as possible (see Figure 6.8). In doing so, you tell Revit that this edge of slab needs to move if this wall moves. Pick Walls is the default Draw option.

f0608.tif

FIGURE 6.8 Pick Walls ensures that that edge of your slab will move if the wall moves.


Let’s start sketching the slab:



  1. 1. In the Modify | Create Floor Boundary tab, click the Pick Walls button, as shown in Figure 6.8, if it is not already picked.
  2. 2. With the Pick Walls tool running, hover your mouse over the inside face of the wall.
  3. 3. After the wall becomes highlighted and you are sure you are on the inside of the wall, pick it (see Figure 6.9).
    f0609.tif

    FIGURE 6.9 Picking the inside face of the first wall


  4. 4. With the inside face of the wall picked, you need to move on to the next wall. Pick the inside face of the north wall.

    Notice that as you pick the walls, a magenta sketch line appears on the inside face of the walls. This is another indicator telling you whether you are on the correct side of the wall. The first line will have two parallel lines, one on each side. These indicate the slab direction for structural decking.


  5. 5. Keep picking the walls, as shown in Figure 6.10. You need to have a continuous loop—no gaps and no overlaps.
  6. 6. Apply some basic modify commands as well. To clean the lower-right corner, use the Trim command. For the bottom line where the jog occurs, use the Split Element command (make sure the Delete Inner Segment button is selected on the Options bar).
  7. 7. After you have picked the perimeter of the west wing, click Finish Edit Mode on the Modify | Create Floor Boundary tab, as shown in Figure 6.11. It may be a good idea to check out your model in 3D after making floors just to make sure nothing went wrong. (I constantly have to do that.)
f0610.tif

FIGURE 6.10 Selecting the walls

f0611.tif

FIGURE 6.11 Clicking Finish Edit Mode to finalize the floor sketch


After you finish the floor, you will have plenty of opportunity to practice adding floors in this model! You need to add a floor to the corridor as well as the west wing:



  1. 1. Zoom in to the corridor, as shown in Figure 6.12.
  2. 2. On the Home tab, start the Floor command.
  3. 3. In the Modify | Create Floor Boundary tab, click the Pick Walls button.
  4. 4. Pick the three north walls of the corridor. Remember to keep the blue line to the inside face (see Figure 6.12).
  5. 5. To add the east edge of the slab, Revit will not really let you pick the wall. If you do, the magenta line will go either to the core center line or to the opposite face of the wall. At this point, click the Pick Lines button on the Modify | Create Floor Boundary tab, as shown in Figure 6.13.
  6. 6. Pick the face of the east wall, as shown in Figure 6.14.
    f0612.tif

    FIGURE 6.12 Picking the north walls of the corridor

    f0613.tif

    FIGURE 6.13 Sometimes you will need to click the Pick Lines button to select the edge of the slab. If you have to resort to this, however, the slab edge won’t move if the wall does.

    f0614.tif

    FIGURE 6.14 Picking the face of the east wall. The line will run past the corridor. That’s okay. You will trim it in a moment.


  7. 7. On the Draw panel, click the Pick Walls button.
  8. 8. Pick the south corridor walls. (Remember to keep the magenta line to the inside of the corridor.)
  9. 9. Pick the west wall of the corridor. This time you want to be sure that the magenta line is to the left of the wall. This will ensure that the two slabs meet. If not, you may need to move the line manually (see Figure 6.15).

Now that you understand the process of adding sketch lines to the model, you can start to look into how to clean up the sketch so you can finish.

f0615.tif

FIGURE 6.15 Adding the slab edge to the left side of the west corridor wall


Using Trim to Clean Up the Sketch


Now that the lines are placed, you need to make sure you don’t have any gaps or overlaps. And you do. To fix these gaps and overlaps, you will use the basic modify commands from Chapter 5.


The east wall has a giant gap at the bottom and an overlap at the top. The command you need to use here is the Trim command:



  1. 1. Pick the Trim/Extend Single Element button from the Modify panel, as shown at the top of Figure 6.16. Then click the portions of the two lines you want to keep. This will remove the excess from the corner.
  2. 2. With the corners successfully trimmed, click Finish Edit Mode.

When Revit allows you to finish the sketch, your west wing and corridor should have a slab underneath it, as shown in Figure 6.17.

f0616.eps

FIGURE 6.16 Picking the magenta lines in the numbered order illustrated in the figure

f0617.tif

FIGURE 6.17 The two slabs under the west wing and the corridor


It is time to add a slab under the east wing. Go ahead and try it on your own. Only look at these directions if you get lost!



  1. 1. Zoom in on the east wing.
  2. 2. On the Home tab, select the Floor button.
  3. 3. In the Modify | Create Floor Boundary tab, click the Pick Walls button.
  4. 4. Pick the exterior walls of the east wing.
  5. 5. Trim any gaps or overlaps that may occur in the corners. Be sure to extend the slab into the doorway, between the east wing and the corridor, as shown in Figure 6.18. Also, pay special attention to the radial entry. It can be tricky.
  6. 6. Click Finish Edit Mode.
f0618.tif

FIGURE 6.18 Adding a slab to the east wing


Now that you have a nice slab on the first floor, you need to add some more slabs to the rest of the levels. The trick with the slabs on upper levels is that they need to extend into the core of the walls. This is where Revit can get sticky. Follow along with the next section, and let’s work out this issue together.


Building a Floor by Layers


As mentioned in the previous section, the term layer does not equate to an AutoCAD layer. It does, however, equate to layers of materials used to design a floor system. When you create a floor system in Revit Architecture, you can do it with the mind-set of how a floor is actually constructed. You can also specify which material in the floor will stop at an exterior wall and which will pass through to the core.


In this section, you will build on your experience of creating a floor. Now that the concrete slab is in place, you will start adding materials to create a floor finish.


Adding Materials


Your objective is to create a floor system with a structure and a finish material. You will also design the floor to interrupt the exterior framing, while letting the brick façade pass from grade to parapet. Let’s get started:



  1. 1. In the Project Browser, go to the Level 2 floor plan. (Remember not to go to the Level 2 ceiling plan.)
  2. 2. In the View Control bar (located at the bottom of the view window), be sure that the detail level is set to Fine.
  3. 3. On the Home tab, click the Floor button.
  4. 4. In the Properties dialog box, click the Edit Type button.
  5. 5. Click the Duplicate button.
  6. 6. Call the new floor 6˝ concrete with 1˝ Terrazzo (see Figure 6.19). For metric users, it is 150mm concrete with 25mm Terrazzo.
  7. 7. Click OK.
  8. 8. In the Structure row, click the Edit button, as shown in Figure 6.20.

You are now in the Edit Assembly dialog box, as you were in the previous procedure. The objective is to add 1˝ (25mm) terrazzo flooring to the top of the 6˝ (150mm) concrete.


Adding a Layer


Now it’s time to add the additional material. To do so, you need to understand how the Edit Assembly dialog box is broken down. Because you want to add a material to the top of the slab, you need to click above the concrete and insert a new layer, as follows:



  1. 1. In the Layers field, you will see three rows. Each of the three rows has a corresponding number. Click the number 1. This is the top row that reads Core Boundary Layers Above (see Figure 6.21).
  2. 2. Underneath the Layers field, you will see an Insert button, as shown in Figure 6.21. Click it.
    f0619.eps

    FIGURE 6.19 Duplicating the existing floor

    f0620.tif

    FIGURE 6.20 Clicking the Edit button in the Structure row

    f0621.eps

    FIGURE 6.21 Inserting a new layer for the terrazzo


  3. 3. The new layer is added. You will now see that the field is divided into columns. The first column is the Function column, which is currently set to Structure. This cell is a drop box containing the other available functions. Click the drop-box arrow and select Finish 1 [4] (see Figure 6.22).
    f0622.tif

    FIGURE 6.22 Choosing a layer function


  4. 4. Click in the Material cell for the new Layer 1.
  5. 5. Click the […] button.
  6. 6. In the Materials dialog box, select Terrazzo in the Materials list to the left. Click OK.
  7. 7. In the Thickness column, enter (25mm). Imperial users, make sure you are typing 1 inch, and not 1 foot (see Figure 6.23).
  8. 8. To the far right of the rows in the Layers field are Variable check boxes. Click Variable for the Structure row, as shown in Figure 6.23. This will enable you to slope the top of the slab if need be. Only the layer that is set to be variable will actually slope. Any layer that is on top of this variable layer will be pitched.
    f0623.tif

    FIGURE 6.23 The completed layers for the floor system


  9. 9. At the bottom of the Edit Assembly dialog box is a Preview button. Click it. After you do, you can see a graphic preview of your floor in a sectional view, as shown in Figure 6.24.
  10. 10. Click OK twice to get back to the model.
f0624.eps

FIGURE 6.24 You can see a preview of the floor section as it is being built.


Great job. You now have a floor with a finish material on it!


With the new floor created, you can now place it into the model. Remember that you are on the second floor. When you place the slab, you want it to extend directly into the wall core. To do so, follow along:



  1. 1. Click the Pick Walls button on the Draw panel. You will pick every exterior wall in the east wing except for the radial wall.
  2. 2. Start picking walls, as shown in Figure 6.25. Do not pick the radial wall at the east entry.
    f0625.tif

    FIGURE 6.25 Picking the core centerline of the exterior walls, except for the radial east wall


  3. 3. On the Draw panel, select the Line button.
  4. 4. Draw a line from the endpoint of the magenta line at the north wall of the east entry (see 1 in Figure 6.26), to the endpoint of the magenta line in the south wall (see 2 in Figure 6.26).
  5. 5. On the Modify | Create Floor Boundary tab, click Finish Edit Mode.
  6. 6. Revit will start asking you questions. First Revit will ask whether you want to attach the walls that go up to Level 2 to the bottom of the floor. You do want to do this; this will cut the interior walls down to meet the bottom of the floor. Any change in the floor’s thickness will alter the tops of the wall. Click Yes, as shown in Figure 6.27.
    f0626.eps

    FIGURE 6.26 Sketching a line for the east portion of the entry slab

    f0627.tif

    FIGURE 6.27 Click Yes to attach the walls to the floor’s bottom.


  7. 7. The next message pertains to the exterior walls. Revit asks whether you would like to cut the section out of the walls where the slab is intersecting. In this case, you do, so click Yes in the message box, as shown in Figure 6.28.
f0628.tif

FIGURE 6.28 Click Yes if you want to cut overlapping volumes out of the exterior walls.


With the second floor in place, you can now add it to the floors above. To do so, you can use the Copy/Paste Aligned feature you used in Chapter 3, “Creating Views.” Try to do this on your own. If you don’t remember how, or skipped Chapter 3, follow these steps:



  1. 1. Select the floor in Level 2 if it is not still selected. (It is easiest to select the floor at the east edge.)
  2. 2. On the Modify | Floors tab, click the Copy To Clipboard button on the Clipboard panel, as shown in Figure 6.29.
    f0629.tif

    FIGURE 6.29 Clicking the Copy To Clipboard button

    f0630.tif

    FIGURE 6.30 Using Paste Aligned To Selected Levels


  3. 3. Go to the default 3D view, as shown in Figure 6.30.
  4. 4. From the Paste fly-out on the Clipboard panel of the Modify tab, click Paste images Aligned To Selected Levels, as shown in Figure 6.30.
  5. 5. The Select Levels dialog box appears, where you will choose the levels to which you want to paste your floor. Choose Levels 3, 4, and 5, as shown in Figure 6.31. (Use Ctrl to select more than one.)
    f0631.tif

    FIGURE 6.31 Selecting the levels where you want the slab to be copied


  6. 6. Click OK. The floors are pasted to the specified levels, as shown in Figure 6.32.
f0632.tif

FIGURE 6.32 The completed floor placement


Notice that the fifth-level floor is not joined to any of the walls. This is because, when you pasted the floor to this level, Revit did not prompt you to cut the overlapping geometry from the exterior walls. To fix this, follow these steps:



  1. 1. After the floors have been pasted, select the fifth-level floor, as shown in Figure 6.33.
  2. 2. On the Modify | Floors tab, select the Edit Boundary button.
  3. 3. On the Mode panel of the Modify | Floors images Edit Boundary tab, select Finish Edit Mode.
  4. 4. Select Yes to attach the walls that go up to this floor’s bottom.
  5. 5. Select Yes to cut the overlapping volume out of the walls. Figure 6.33 shows that the walls are now being cut by the slab.
    f0633.tif

    FIGURE 6.33 The fifth floor is now cutting the walls.


  6. 6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 for floors 4 and 3.
  7. 7. Save the model.

Not too bad. You have a full building with floors placed. Now it is time to drill into these floors (literally) and see how you can make them perform to your specifications.


Your next task is to create different floor materials for a few specific areas such as the restrooms. You will then pitch the restroom floors to floor drains.


Splitting the Floor Materials


If you have a floor that includes a slab and then you have one single material of, say, vinyl composition tile (VCT) to the entire surface, won’t that cause a problem in the restrooms? Better yet, suppose the floor is carpeted? Carpet just never seems to perform well around a toilet!


Adding an Alternate Material


The goal of this procedure is to create a new material layer for the first floor slab, and then specify a new material for the restrooms:



  1. 1. In the Project Browser, go to the Level 1 floor plan and then zoom in to an area of the east wing similar to the area shown in Figure 6.34.
  2. 2. Drag a right-to-left selection window around the corner of the building, as shown in Figure 6.34.
  3. 3. On the Modify | Multi-Select tab, select the Filter button (see Figure 6.34).
    f0634.tif

    FIGURE 6.34 To select the slab, it will be easier to pick an entire area and filter the floor.


  4. 4. In the Filter dialog box, click the Check None button, as shown in Figure 6.35.
  5. 5. Select the Floors option (see Figure 6.35) and click OK.
    f0635.tif

    FIGURE 6.35 Deselect all the elements and then select Floors.


  6. 6. With the floor selected, click Edit Type in the Properties dialog box.
  7. 7. Click Rename.
  8. 8. Call the floor 6˝ Slab on Grade with 1˝ Finish (150mm Slab on Grade with 25mm Finish).
  9. 9. Click OK.
  10. 10. Click the Edit button in the Structure row, as shown in Figure 6.36.
    f0636.eps

    FIGURE 6.36 Editing the structure of the slab


  11. 11. In the Edit Assembly dialog box, select the 1 button to the left of the Core Boundary item that is above the Structure layer, as shown in Figure 6.37.
    f0637.tif

    FIGURE 6.37 Adding a new layer


  12. 12. Click the Insert button (see Figure 6.37).
  13. 13. Select Finish 1 [4] from the Function drop-down list.
  14. 14. Click in the Material cell.
  15. 15. Click the […] button.
  16. 16. Find the material in the menu called Carpet (1) and click OK.
  17. 17. Give the material a thickness of (25mm).
  18. 18. In the Structure row, click the Variable check box, as shown in Figure 6.38.
    f0638.tif

    FIGURE 6.38 Adding the new material


  19. 19. Click OK twice.
  20. 20. Press Esc.

Now that you have experience adding a new material layer to the floor (you have done it twice in this chapter), you can specify a different material for the various rooms.


Splitting and Painting


Adding a new material to a floor is a two-part procedure. To specify an alternate material in an area, you must first split the floor’s face. Then you can add (or paint) the desired material to that area.


The objective of the next two procedures is to add an alternate material to the restrooms:



  1. 1. Zoom in on the lavatory south of the corridor.
  2. 2. On the Geometry panel of the Modify tab, select the Split Face button, as shown in Figure 6.39.
    f0639.tif

    FIGURE 6.39 The Split Face button is located on the Geometry panel of the Modify tab.


  3. 3. Move your cursor into the lavatory area, as shown in Figure 6.40.
  4. 4. Notice that there is a little cube at your cursor. Hover your cursor over the wall shown in Figure 6.40. You should get a tooltip telling you that you are directly over the floor. When you see this indication, pick the floor.
    f0640.tif

    FIGURE 6.40 Finding the edge of the floor


  5. 5. After you select the floor, you need to draw three lines around the inside face of the lavatory walls. To do so, on the Draw panel of the Modify | Split Face images Create Boundary tab, make sure the Line button is selected.
  6. 6. Draw the three lines as shown in Figure 6.41 (you may have to trim and extend the lines).
    f0641.tif

    FIGURE 6.41 Placing the three split lines around the perimeter of the lavatory


  7. 7. On the Modify | Split Face images Create Boundary tab, click Finish Edit Mode.
  8. 8. The lavatory area should now be split.

Although it appears as if nothing happened, you just can’t see it. The next step will change the material of the region. At this point, it will become obvious that there is a different material.


With the floor split, it is time to add the new material to this room. This procedure is almost like adding a hatch to an area as if in AutoCAD:



  1. 1. On the Geometry panel of the Modify | Split Face tab, click the Paint icon, as shown in Figure 6.42.
    f0642.tif

    FIGURE 6.42 The Paint icon on the Geometry panel


  2. 2. From the material list, change the Material Class to Ceramic, and select Ceramic Tile – 4˝ Blue from the menu, as shown in Figure 6.43.
    f0643.tif

    FIGURE 6.43 Finding the correct material


  3. 3. With the Material dialog box still on the screen, move your cursor over the region you just created. Notice the material icon next to your cursor, as shown in Figure 6.44.
    f0644.eps

    FIGURE 6.44 Filling the region with the new material


  4. 4. After you see the perimeter of the small region you created around the inside of the lavatory, pick a spot. The area will fill with the new material (see Figure 6.45).
  5. 5. Do the same thing to the lavatory north of the corridor. If you get stuck, go back through the steps.
  6. 6. Save your model.

Now that splitting the face of the floor is out of the way, it is time to create a pitched floor situation. In some cases, this is an easy procedure. In others, it is not.

f0645.tif

FIGURE 6.45 The completed lavatory


Pitching a Floor to a Floor Drain


Sure, it is the responsibility of the plumbing engineer to specify what floor drains to use, but it is generally the responsibility of the architect to specify where the floor drain needs to be, and the pitch of the floor.


That being said, let’s move on to creating a pitched floor area in the restrooms. Because you have five floors to work with, let’s go up to the second floor and start pitching some slabs!


The objective of this procedure is to add points in the surface of the slab in order to pitch to a drain:



  1. 1. In the Project Browser, double-click on the Level 2 floor plan (make sure you aren’t in the Level 2 ceiling plan).
  2. 2. Zoom in on the lavatory areas, as shown in Figure 6.46.
  3. 3. Select the floor.
  4. 4. Now that the floor is selected, notice on the Modify | Floors tab that you have several choices. Click the Add Split Line button (see Figure 6.46).
  5. 5. Draw lines along the finished inside face of the lavatory, as shown in Figure 6.46. As always, there can be no gaps or overlaps.

With the split lines drawn, you have isolated the lavatory area from the rest of the floor. Now you can pitch the floor in this area without affecting the rest of the floor. The pitch will extend only as far as the split lines.

f0646.eps

FIGURE 6.46 Drawing a split frame around the inside of the lavatory


To create a drop in the floor, follow these steps:



  1. 1. On the Home tab, select the Model Lines button, as shown in Figure 6.47.
  2. 2. Draw the line from the midpoint of the restroom’s right wall, to the left 3´–0˝ (900mm), as shown in Figure 6.47.
  3. 3. Press Esc twice.
  4. 4. Select the floor. (Remember the Filter dialog box.)
  5. 5. On the Modify | Floors tab, select the Add Point button, as shown in Figure 6.48.
  6. 6. Pick the endpoint of the line you just drew, as shown in Figure 6.48.
  7. 7. Press Esc once. This puts you in the Modify Sub Elements mode. You will know you are in this mode by the icon next to your pointer, as shown in Figure 6.49.
    f0647.tif

    FIGURE 6.47 Drawing a line to establish the point where the floor will slope to

    f0648.tif

    FIGURE 6.48 Picking the endpoint of the line

    f0649.eps

    FIGURE 6.49 Dropping the elevation of the drain down 1˝ (25mm) from the surface of the floor


  8. 8. Pick the point you just placed into the model. The point turns red, and a blue elevation appears. As you know, any blue item is modifiable. Click the 0´–0˝ (0mm) value, and change it to -1˝(-25mm)—imperial users, negative 1 inch.
  9. 9. Press Enter. Revit drops that area of the floor and adds the slope lines as if you drafted them in.
  10. 10. Press Esc twice.
  11. 11. Delete the line you drew as a guideline.
  12. 12. Save the model.

    See Figure 6.50: does your floor look like this? If not, go back and see where you went wrong.


  13. 13. Repeat the steps to add a pitch to the lavatory south of the corridor.
  14. 14. Save the model (see Figure 6.51).

Now that you have experience in creating and placing floors, as well as being able to pitch a floor in a specific area, it is time to look at one more item: shaft openings.

f0650.tif

FIGURE 6.50 The final slab in the restroom

f0651.tif

FIGURE 6.51 Both lavatories are now pitched and ready to have fixtures added.


Creating Shaft Openings


To create a shaft opening, you just create a void through your model. This void, however, can conform to walls that are set in the model. The elevator shaft walls, for instance, will define the outside edge of your shaft opening. You may notice that the floors you added to the model are indiscriminately running uninterrupted, straight through the shafts. You need to void the floor. Also, the good thing about creating a shaft opening is that if you create another floor, the shaft will be cut out automatically.


First, you need to create two more levels. You need a subterranean level (T.O. Footing) and a penthouse level to extend the elevator shaft up through:



  1. 1. In the Project Browser, go to the South elevation.
  2. 2. On the Datum panel of the Home tab, click the Level button.
  3. 3. On the Draw panel, click the Pick Lines icon, and set an offset of 10´–0˝ (3000mm), as shown in Figure 6.52.
  4. 4. Hover your cursor over Level 1. Make sure the alignment line is below Level 1. When you see the alignment line, pick Level 1. You now have a new level at -10´–0˝ (-3000mm).
  5. 5. Click the Modify button on the Select panel to terminate the command.
  6. 6. Pick the level that is set to -10´–0˝ (-3000mm) and rename it T.O. Footing (see Figure 6.52).
  7. 7. Click Yes when Revit prompts you to rename corresponding views.
f0652.tif

FIGURE 6.52 Adding a new Top of Footing level


The next step is to select the CMU elevator shaft walls and modify their properties so that the bottoms are extended down to the top of the footing and the tops are extended to the roof level:



  1. 1. Go to a 3D view.
  2. 2. Select all of the East entry elevator CMU walls. Remember to press and hold the Ctrl key as you select the walls.
  3. 3. In the Properties dialog box, under the Constraints category, set Base Constraint to T.O. Footing, as shown in Figure 6.53.
  4. 4. Click Apply.

With the bottom established at the correct level, it is time to add the shaft:



  1. 1. Go to the Level 1 floor plan (note that it does not matter which floor you are actually in when you place a shaft opening).
  2. 2. On the Home tab, click the Shaft Opening button in the Opening panel, as shown in Figure 6.54.
    f0653.tif

    FIGURE 6.53 In the Properties dialog box, change Base Constraint to T.O. Footing.

    f0654.tif

    FIGURE 6.54 Selecting the Shaft Opening command from the Home tab


  3. 3. On the Modify | Create Shaft Opening Sketch tab, click Pick Walls, as shown in Figure 6.55.
  4. 4. Pick the walls shown in Figure 6.55. Notice that you can have more than one shaft opening in the same command.
  5. 5. Use the Line button on the Draw panel to draw the line across the inside face of the exterior wall.
  6. 6. Use the Trim command to clean up any corners (see Figure 6.55).
  7. 7. Mirror the lines you just drew down to the other shaft.
f0655.tif

FIGURE 6.55 Adding the magenta lines to form the shaft opening to the outside of the CMU walls


Now that the perimeter has been established, it is time to choose which floors this opening will extend to. Just because you picked the CMU walls, this does not mean that a base and a top height have been established. Follow these steps:



  1. 1. In the Properties dialog box, make sure Shaft Openings is selected, as shown in Figure 6.56.
  2. 2. In the Properties dialog, set Base Constraint to T.O. Footing.
  3. 3. Set Top Constraint to Up To Level: Roof.
  4. 4. Set Top Offset to -1´–0˝ (-300mm); this keeps the roof from having two giant square holes in it.
  5. 5. Click Apply. Figure 6.56 shows the settings.
  6. 6. On the Modify | Create Shaft Opening Sketch tab, click the Symbolic Line button. This will allow you to sketch an opening graphic into the shaft.
    f0656.tif

    FIGURE 6.56 Setting the properties of the shaft opening


  7. 7. Draw an X in both openings, as shown in Figure 6.57.
  8. 8. Click Finish Edit Mode.

Notice that the floor is now voided from the openings. Go to a 3D view and look down the shafts. They are wide open, as shown in Figure 6.58. The symbolic lines you drew will appear in the floor plans only.

f0657.tif

FIGURE 6.57 You can add any “drafting” symbolic lines you deem necessary.

f0658.tif

FIGURE 6.58 The completed shafts as seen in 3D


Now that you know how to pitch floors, you can begin using Revit for its unique capabilities. Also, you are better prepared to move to the next chapter, which focuses on creating roofs.


Are You Experienced?


Now you can…



  • add a floor to your model by using the building’s footprint as a guide and by picking the walls and drawing lines
  • add additional floors to higher levels by using the Copy/Paste Aligned method of quickly repeating the geometry up through the building
  • add a specific, alternate material to different parts of the floor by using the Split Face command in conjunction with the paint materials function
  • split a floor into segments, and add additional points to set a negative elevation for pitching to floor drains
  • create a shaft opening that will cut out any new floor slab
  • use symbolic lines within a shaft opening to indicate the opening

Aug 3, 2021 | Posted by in Building and Construction | Comments Off on 6: Floors
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